‘Cheat sheets’ in penalty shootouts: What’s on them, how ’keepers make theirs and why they can be controversial - The Athletic

The evolution of these sheets mirrors the broader data revolution in football. What started as instinct and memory has become a blend of video analysis, statistical profiling and behavioural study. Elite clubs and teams now track every competitive penalty an opposing player has taken, building a database that maps preferred sides, shot heights and strike patterns.